How The 2008 Election Affected African American History

From 1968 to 2008, this forty-year period starts with what is considered to be one of the darkest moments in African American history and ends with the ultimate triumph and fulfilment of a dream. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who was the spiritual and political leader of the Civil Rights Movement, was gunned down and assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, TN (History.com). Those responsible assumed that this senseless act of violence would thwart and quell the efforts of African Americans in the quest for equality in the United States of America, however, this deed cemented the pursuit and determination of African Americans and many others to bring Dr. King’s dream to fruition. On November 4, 2008, the United States of American elected its first African American President, Barack Hussein Obama, as the nation’s forty-fourth president (ipl2). This week’s assignment is to write an essay on how the 2008 election affected African American History in America and contrast the essay ideas with the history of the tragic assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The election of President Obama marks the most noteworthy political accomplishment for African Americans in the United States during the post-civil rights revolution, thus bringing about a change in the country’s social and political landscape that was steeped in racial discrimination since the founding of this great nation. Because social and political conditions are subject to constant change, President Obama’sShow MoreRelatedThe Medi A Very Important Role Of Today s Society865 Words   |  4 Pagessuggests how Barack Obama grew as a global super celebrity by using media spectacle. He argues how Barack Obama’s media techniques led the campaign in his favour in the United States’ presidential election of 2008 (Kellner, 2009). With much publication, broadcasting and advertising resources, Barack Obama was able to attract supporters through his culture a nd race. The first democratic spectacle was that of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. In the first time in history, an African-American candidateRead MoreArticle Summary : Barack Obama And Celebrity Spectacle884 Words   |  4 Pagessuggests how Barack Obama grew as a global super celebrity by using media spectacle. He argues how Barack Obama’s media techniques led the campaign in his favour in the United States’ presidential election of 2008 (Kellner, 2009). With much publication, broadcasting and advertising resources, Barack Obama was able to attract supporters through his culture and race. The first democratic spectacle was that of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. 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Plato’s Ideal City Free Essays

The Ideal City In Plato’s book â€Å"Republic† he describes what he thinks would be an ideal city, for this city to be ideal it would have to be just. In his just city there are three classes of people; gold, silver, and bronze/iron; known as the National Division of Labor. The guardians of the city are placed in the gold category, the auxiliaries in the silver, and the farmers and craftsmen are in the bronze/iron category. We will write a custom essay sample on Plato’s Ideal City or any similar topic only for you Order Now Plato argues that the National Division of Labor reflects the requirements of nature and produces a harmonious whole. Wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice are the four virtues that this ideal city must have to be just. The guardians, also known as philosopher kings, being in the gold class of the city, are wise, knowledgeable, and most importantly they are philosophers. They enjoy learning about forms and think that anything else won’t bring somebody happiness. They believe that forms are the highest level of happiness and that by learning about and understanding forms brings knowledge. To be a guardian they must be ruled by their reason and not let spirit or appetites take over. They are responsible for ruling the city. Guardians are not allowed to make any money or have a job outside of guardianship nor are they able to own anything. At childhood they start an extensive amount of study in music, poetry, and physical training. The study of these subjects develops harmony between them and is said to be good for the soul. Plato argues that â€Å"a good soul by its own virtue makes the body as good as possible† (403d). In the silver class of the city are the auxiliaries, or in other words the warriors. These people have to be courageous; they are responsible for protecting the city and keeping everything at peace. They love victory and honor and go through massive physical training to be strong for battle and enforce the laws of the guardians. Instead of focusing on forms, like the guardians, auxiliaries put their focus towards particulars. That is essential in the job that they have because they need to understand what particulars are and how they operate to be able to fight. If they the people in the silver class flourish and thrive in their jobs, then they will experience happiness. Just like the lives of the guardians, the lives of the auxiliaries are completely controlled; they all live in the same place and don’t have any privacy, they all eat the same thing and have their schedule planned out for them and they’re not allowed to own anything. They’re not allowed to make any money or have anything that isn’t needed to be a warrior. Basically, the auxiliaries don’t have lives other than training. The farmers and craftsmen are considered to be in the bronze/iron category, they are the producers of the city. Unlike the guardians and auxiliaries, they tend to be ruled by their appetites other than reason and spirit. The farmers and craftsmen seem to focus more on belief and opinion other than the forms or particulars. They have more creativity than the guardians and auxiliaries which was highly despised of by Plato. Plato believed that imagination was nothingness and ignorance; he did not think that it helped you flourish or thrive in any way. He said that a thing such as art and imagination only brought pleasure and not knowledge, which he said wasn’t happiness. Even if you were and artist and you flourished and thrived in that area you still weren’t considered to be happy because you don’t know anything about the forms and art is projected as ignorance. They are able to have jobs, make money, buy and sell property, and own whatever they want. Farmers and craftsmen are considered free people compared to guardians and auxiliaries, they only have to follow certain rules obtained by the guardians. The city wouldn’t be able to exist without the bronze/iron category; the farmers and craftsmen grow all the food and make every product that is needed. If I had to choose which category I would like to be in I would choose the bronze/iron category. I wouldn’t prefer to be in the gold or silver category because I wouldn’t want my life completely controlled and not be able to have any privacy. Having my life all about the rest of the city and having my life planned out isn’t something that I would enjoy, I would want to make my own decisions and not having them made for me. Sure you could say that that is selfish and unjust but that is what would truly make me happy. Plato says that to truly be happy that you have to flourish and thrive as opposed having pleasure. I think that if I was in the bronze/iron class that I would flourish and thrive because in that class I have more opportunities to succeed in different areas of life. In the bronze/iron class you are able to live your own life, the life you want to live instead of being told what to do and how to live every day. In this ideal and just city, everyone: the guardians, auxiliaries, and farmers and craftsmen, have to do their own task, otherwise it wouldn’t be just. The people in these three classes all have to flourish and thrive in whichever class they are in. The guardians can’t do the job of the auxiliaries or the farmers and craftsmen, the auxiliaries can’t do the job of the guardians or farmers and craftsmen, and the farmers and craftsmen can’t do the job of the guardians or auxiliaries. If everything works out the way that Plato plans, then this ideal and just city would be the perfect utopia. How to cite Plato’s Ideal City, Papers

Ap American History Presidents Charts Essay Example For Students

Ap American History Presidents Charts Essay Neutrality Proclamation President made proclamation-the LIST stays neutral in conflict between France and Great Britain- as to not go to war Citizen Genet Edmond-Charles Genet- French ambassador to IIS during French revolution Tensions with Britain and Jars treaty 1796 Treaty between IIS and Great Britain- Credited with averting war increased trade between countries Tensions With Spain- Pinkeyes Treaty 1796 Established friendship bet,even LIST and Spain- Defined boundaries with navigation rights on the Mississippi River Spanish colonies- Guaranteed for US Problems with Indians. Battle of Fallen Timbers 1794 of Greenville 1795 final battle in the NW Indian LIST for control of NW Territory. War. Struggle between American Indians and Victory for US Precedents that Washington set for the presidency I-Neutrality in Foreign Affairs 2- 2-Term Presidency 3- use of force to enforce the lava (Hickey Rebellion) 4- Calling in the Cabinet tort Advice S- How to address president Mr.. Resident 6-inauguration 7- inaugural speech Parallel address Written to The People of the Lignite States venue he resigned after 2nd term Adams (1796 1801) Problems with France France seizing US ships- Adams tried to resolve by ending diplomats to talk to French foreign affairs director EX. affair event that strained relations between France and LIST. Lead to Quasar- French agents continue peace negotiations demanded major concessions from US to Quasi War with France (1798-1800)Undeclared Naval war (fought by sea mostly) between France and US Alien and Alien Enemies Act Alien Act- deports a liens dangerous to peace camp; safety of LIST. during peacetime Alien Enemies Act- allowed in wartime arrest, imprisonment deportation of aliens to enemy powers Sedition Act any treasonable act, high misdemeanors and punishable by fine ND imprisonment Naturalization Acts requires aliens to be residents for 14 hrs instead of 5 hrs before eligible for LIST citizenship Reaction of Republicans- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Republicans said Alien/Sedition act was unconstitutional acts by congress Constitution unconstitutional. States had right to declare that were not authorized by Gabrielle Rebellion (1800)Gabriel Overrepresented blacksmith Who was going to lead rebellion in VA- never happened, info leaked, Gabriel and 25 others hanged. Election of 1800 UP Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent John Adams- Ushered Democratic/Republican rule and Federalist party removed Midnight Judges effort to resolve issue with Judgesriding the circuit, Separated Supreme Court from Circuit Court judges Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) Election of revolution of 1800 UP Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent John Adams- Ushered in democratic/Republican rule and federalist party removed Twelfth Amendment procedure for electing President and Vice President- established how Electoral College functions Louisiana Purchase (1803) US acquired 828,800 sq acres of land from Prance territory- Jefferson received opposition to decision to purchase- did anyway due to uneasy feeling that Prance/Spain would have power to lock trade Lewis ; Clark and Zebu Pikes Expeditions (1804-1806) expeditions to find waterways across continent Lewis ; Clark- 1st US expedition to Pacific Coast Zebu Pike. Expedition to SW area of US Hamilton-Burr Duel (1804) Alexander Hami lton ; Sitting UP Aaron Burr. Burr fatally shot Hamilton- Longstanding disagreements political and personal Burr Conspiracy and trial (1807)Burr with co-conspirators wanted to create independent nation in N Tara land in Texas- Tried for America/Mexico area to take possession of treason Supreme Court cases of Marshall court in the Jefferson earache Marshall, Chief Justice, wrote opinions based on Constitutional laws- promoted nationalism and helped make Supreme Court overrule Congress center of Power- right to Conflict With the Barbara Pirates, Translation War (1801-1805) 1st Of 2 wars between LIST and African Barber Muslim merchant ships, enslaving crews states- Pirate ships capture Chesapeake-leopard incident (1807) British warship Leopard attacked and boarded LIST Chesapeake- British deserted and joined crew of Chesapeake. British ship searched for ship and recover the deserters Embargo Act (1807) American Laws restricting American ships from engaging in reign trade Non-loungers act (1809)4 days left of Jefferson presidency- replaced Embargo Act with this- lifted all embargos on American ships except those headed for Britain or French ports James Madison (1809-1817) Hitcher v Peck (1810) Supreme court ruled a state law unconstitutional- helped to create precedent for sanctity of contracts- hinted the Native Americans did not hold title to their lands Outcomes and Tippecanoe (1811) a pre-emotive strike against the Headquarters of the confederacy by Merchandising- Harridans army was attached by the Indians,but the Indians ran out of ammo Nutrition and Food in Popular Culture Health Nutri EssayIncentive to keep working for party Kitchen Cabinet collection Of unofficial advisors he consulted in parallel to US Cabinet- Jackson moved 5 of 8 cabinet members and replaced them With his own supporters Else of Veto he used to expand the power of the executive branch-could control part of Legislative branch and get done what he wanted done Whig Party Formed in opposition to Andrew Jackson and democratic party- Whig supported Congress over Presidency Indian Removal Act Native American Indians were removed from their lands, supposedly voluntarily, great pressure put on them to leave Cherokee Nation v Georgia (1831) Cherokee Nation sought federal injunction against laws passed by Georgia boundaries depriving them rights within its Worcester v Georgia (1832)LOS Supreme Court overturned the conviction of Samuel Worcester- Georgians criminal statute, prohibiting non-landing from being present on Indian lands oviduct a license is Seminole War 3 conflicts in Florida between Seminole Indians and US Army- started with Jacksons attack on Negro Port Nullification Crisis ordinance declared the Federal Tariff Of 1 828/1832 were unconstitutional and null,wood within South Carolina Tariff of Abominations (1828- before Asss presidency)early days in history,support for tariffs on imported goods, compete- after war of thought tot help American Industry top 812, British flooded w cheaper goods South Carolinas Nullification artificialness of 1828/1832 were null/void within the state of South Carolina Webster-Haynes Debate Daniel Webster (Massachusetts) and Robert Haynes (SC)- debate over temporary suspension of land sure. Keying until land already on market was sold Compromise Tariffs of 1832 and 1833 1832- protectionist tariff / reduced tariffs to remedy conflict of 1828 1833-gradually reduced tariffs over next decade The Force Bill (1833) congress put heavy tariffs on imports and raw materials- promoting domestic manufacturing- Act gave Presidency authority to SE military power to enforce laws Clays, Webster, and Fiddles effort to recharged the Bank They wanted to re- charter bank to force Jackson to take clear stand (for reelection) on pro-bank or anti-bank. Jackson vetoed Veto of the Second Bank of the US (1832) Vetoed- Ordered Treasury Secretary to divert Federal revenues from the banks) Bank to selected state banks (pet Removal of deposits and distribution to pet banks (1833) Fiddle (Pres of bank) responded to Jacksons actions by debts reducing loans and calling in Censure of Jackson 1st president to be censured- Congressional procedure for pyramiding President, Congress or Judges. Must give up chairs they hold, but not elected offices Massively Road Veto (1830) vetoed bill allowing Federal Government to purchase stock in Massively Road which had been hired to construct road Petty Eaton Affair Involved Andrew Jackson cabinet members ; wives- She had affair w/John Eaton while husband was out to sea. When he found out, he committed suicide. Affair with Andrew Jackson She remarried John Eaton. Then had Distribution of the surplus (1836)Distribution of 30-35 million from US Treasury to State banks on basis Of each States representation in Congress Specie Circular (1836) Required payment for Government land to be paid in gold or silver Charles River Bridge Co v Warren Bridge Co (1837) South Carolina settled dispute over constitutional clause separate companies hired by bridge Martin van Burden (1837-1841) regarding obligation of contract. 2 2 separate states commissioned to build Panic of 1837 end of 2nd bank produced runaway inflation-banks started receiving payment in gold and silver only- forcing dramatic deflation backlash Commonwealth v Hunt labor unions attempted to close or create a unionized workplace could be charged with conspiracy. Ruling HTH unions were legal organizations and had right to strike Trail of Tears (1832) relocation ; movement of Native American Nations from SE parts Of US The Texas Question: Should the US annex Texas? Issue not With Texas, but slavery.